ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the characteristics of super-antigen (SAg) of group A Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS),isolated from patients with scarlet fever or pharyngeal infections in Beijing between 2015-2017.Methods Throat swab specimens from patients with scarlet fever or pharyngeal infections were collected and tested for GAS.Eleven currently known SAg genes including SpeA,speC,speG,speH,speI,speJ,speK,speL,speM,smeZ and ssa were tested by real-time PCR while M protein genes (emm genes) were amplified and sequenced by PCR.Results A total of 377 GAS were isolated from 6 801 throat swab specimens,with the positive rate as 5.5％.There were obvious changes noticed among speC,speG,speH and speK in three years.A total of 45 SAg genes profiles were observed,according to the SAgs inclusion.There were significant differences appeared in the frequencies among two of the highest SAg genes profiles between emml and emml2 strains (x2=38.196,P＜0.001;x 2=72.310,P＜0.001).There also appeared significant differences in the frequencies of speA,speH,speI and speJ between emm 1 and emm 12 strains (x2 =146.154,P＜ 0.001;x2=52.31,P＜0.001;x2=58.43,P＜0.001;x2=144.70,P＜0.001).Conclusions Obvious changes were noticed among SAg genes including speC,speG,speH and speK from patients with scarlet fever or pharyngeal infections in Beijing between 2015-2017.SAg genes including speA,speH,speI and speJ appeared to be associated with the emm 1 and emm 12 strains.More kinds of SAg genes profiles were isolated form GAS but with no significant differences seen in the main SAg genes profiles,during the epidemic period.
ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the characteristics of super-antigen (SAg) of group A Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS),isolated from patients with scarlet fever or pharyngeal infections in Beijing between 2015-2017.Methods Throat swab specimens from patients with scarlet fever or pharyngeal infections were collected and tested for GAS.Eleven currently known SAg genes including SpeA,speC,speG,speH,speI,speJ,speK,speL,speM,smeZ and ssa were tested by real-time PCR while M protein genes (emm genes) were amplified and sequenced by PCR.Results A total of 377 GAS were isolated from 6 801 throat swab specimens,with the positive rate as 5.5％.There were obvious changes noticed among speC,speG,speH and speK in three years.A total of 45 SAg genes profiles were observed,according to the SAgs inclusion.There were significant differences appeared in the frequencies among two of the highest SAg genes profiles between emml and emml2 strains (x2=38.196,P＜0.001;x 2=72.310,P＜0.001).There also appeared significant differences in the frequencies of speA,speH,speI and speJ between emm 1 and emm 12 strains (x2 =146.154,P＜ 0.001;x2=52.31,P＜0.001;x2=58.43,P＜0.001;x2=144.70,P＜0.001).Conclusions Obvious changes were noticed among SAg genes including speC,speG,speH and speK from patients with scarlet fever or pharyngeal infections in Beijing between 2015-2017.SAg genes including speA,speH,speI and speJ appeared to be associated with the emm 1 and emm 12 strains.More kinds of SAg genes profiles were isolated form GAS but with no significant differences seen in the main SAg genes profiles,during the epidemic period.
ABSTRACT
La fiebre reumática (FR) continúa siendo en las zonas rurales un problema de salud, especialmente en niños. Con frecuencia se consulta en los servicios de emergencia por un cuadro febril agudo con artritis concomitante.Saber reconocer y tratar una fiebre reumática en sus estados iniciales evita las secuelas cardiacas posteriores. Aunque la incidencia y la prevalencia de la FR han disminuido gracias a la profilaxis que se realiza con los antibióticos disponibles, hay factores de riesgo que condicionan su desarrollo.Como médicos familiares tenemos la oportunidad de detectar dichos riesgos y actuar antes de que se presente el problema. Ya que es una enfermedad que deja secuelas incapacitantes que deterioran la calidad de vida de los pacientes.El artículo que a continuación usted leerá, es una revisión bibliográfica donde podrá encontrar lo más importante y reciente acerca de la FR, desde su concepto pasando por una adecuada revisión de la sintomatología y etiología, lo que permitirá al lector si hace un correcto uso de este, poder llegar a diagnóstico precoz y adecuado tratamiento, por consiguiente, a disminuir la tasa de morbimortalidad por FR, sin dejar de tener en cuenta y hacer énfasis en que la profilaxis es la medida más importante y efectiva para reducir la morbimortalidad.
The rheumatic fever (F.R.) continues to be a health problem in children in rural areas. Consulted in the emergency room for having symptoms such as fever and concomitant arthritis.The Objective of this study is to know how to recognize and to treat a rheumatic fever in its initial states so when can avoid the later heart problems. Although the incidence and the prevalencia of the RF has diminished thanks to the prevention that is carried out with the available antibiotics, there are factors of risk that condition its development.As doctors we have the opportunity to detect these risks and to act before the problem is arises. Since it is an illness that will leave sequels that deteriorate the quality of life of the patient. In this article you can find the most important and recent information about F.R. It will explain the etiology, symptoms that the reader will be able to use to make a diagnosis and give the appropriate treatment. This will lead to a decrease of the mortality rate of R.F.